What to Do in a Panic Attack? A Doctor’s Perspective

As a doctor who regularly treats patients with anxiety and panic disorders, I can tell you that panic attacks are more common than many people realize. The experience can be terrifying—you may feel like you’re having a heart attack, struggling to breathe, or losing control. But the good news is, there are effective ways to manage and cope with a panic attack in the moment. Let me walk you through what to do if you or someone you love experiences one.

What Is a Panic Attack?

A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear or anxiety that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause. Symptoms typically peak within 10 minutes and include:
✔️ Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
✔️ Shortness of breath or hyperventilation
✔️ Chest pain or tightness
✔️ Sweating or chills
✔️ Dizziness or light-headedness
✔️ Nausea or stomach discomfort
✔️ Fear of losing control or dying

Step-by-Step Guide: What to Do in a Panic Attack

1. Recognize the Signs

The first step is acknowledging that what you’re experiencing is a panic attack, not a heart attack or life-threatening emergency. This awareness can significantly reduce fear and help you begin calming down.

2. Focus on Your Breathing

Panic attacks often cause hyperventilation, which makes symptoms worse. To control your breathing:

• Inhale slowly through your nose for 4 seconds.
• Hold your breath for 2 seconds.
• Exhale slowly through your mouth for 6 seconds.
• Repeat this for a few minutes until your breathing stabilizes.

Breathing deeply tells your brain that you’re safe, helping to reduce the fight-or-flight response.

3. Ground Yourself in the Present

Use the 5-4-3-2-1 grounding technique to anchor yourself:

• Name 5 things you can see.
• Name 4 things you can touch.
• Name 3 things you can hear.
• Name 2 things you can smell.
• Name 1 thing you can taste.

This mindfulness practice helps divert your mind from panic to the present moment.

4. Use Positive Affirmations

Tell yourself:

• “This is uncomfortable, but it will pass.”
• “I am safe.”
• “I’ve survived panic attacks before, and I will get through this.”

Repeating calming, rational thoughts can counter the irrational fear your body is experiencing.

5. Remove Yourself from Triggers (If Possible)

If you’re in a crowded or noisy place, try to move to a quieter, more comfortable environment. Reducing stimulation can help your nervous system reset.

What Not to Do in a Panic Attack

• Don’t fight it. Resisting can actually make it worse.
• Don’t try to hide it from others. If someone you trust is nearby, let them know.
• Don’t self-medicate with alcohol or drugs.

When to Seek Help

If panic attacks happen frequently or interfere with your daily life, it’s time to speak with a healthcare provider. Treatment options like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and anti-anxiety medications can be life-changing.

Final Thoughts

Panic attacks are scary, but they are not dangerous. Knowing what to do in a panic attack can help you regain control and reduce the intensity. Remember—you are not alone, and help is available. The more you understand your body’s reaction, the more empowered you’ll feel in managing it.

Have you ever experienced a panic attack? Feel free to share your story or ask questions below.